RAC：real application clusters introduction

ORACLE RAC原理：
在一个应用环境当中，所有的服务器使用和管理同一个数据库，目的是为了分散每一台服务器的工作量，硬件上至少需要两台以上的服务器，而且还需一个共享存储设备。还需要两类软件，一个是集群软件，另外一个就是Oracle数据库中的RAC组件，所有服务器上的OS都应该是同一类OS。

根据负载均衡的配置策略，当一个客户端发送请求到某一台服务的listener后，这台服务器根据负载均衡策略，会把请求发送给本机的RAC组件处理，也可能会发送给另外一台服务器的RAC组件处理，处理完请求后，RAC会通过集群软件来访问我们的共享存储设备。

逻辑结构上，每一个参加集群的节点有一个独立的instance，这些instance访问同一个数据库。节点之间通过集群软件的通讯层（communication layer）来进行通讯。同时为了减少IO的消耗，存在了一个全局缓存服务，因此每一个数据库的instance，都保留了一份相同的数据库cache。

RAC中的特点是：
每一个节点的instance都有自己的SGA，background process，redo logs，undo表空间
所有节点都共享一份datafiles和controlfiles

Oracle缓存融合技术(Cache fusion):

  1. 保证缓存的一致性
  2. 减少共享磁盘IO的消耗

缓存融合原理：

  1. 其中一个节点会从共享数据库中读取一个block到db cache中
  2. 这个节点会在所有的节点进行交叉db block copy
  3. 当任何一个节点缓存被修改的时候，就会在节点之间进行缓存修改
  4. 为了达到存储的一致最终修改的结果也会写到磁盘上

ClusterWare组件：
有四种服务

  • Crsd - 集群资源服务
  • Cssd - 集群同步服务
  • Evmd - 事件管理服务
  • oprocd - 节点检测监控

三类Resource

  • VIP - 虚拟IP地址(Virtual IP)
  • OCR - Oracle Cluster Registry(集群注册文件),记录每个节点的相关信息
  • Voting Disk - Establishes quorum (表决磁盘),仲裁机制用于仲裁多个节点向共享节点同时写的行为，这样做是为了避免发生冲突

RAC组件：
提供过了额外的进程，用来维护数据库

  • LMS - Gobal Cache Service Process 全局缓存服务进程
  • LMD - Global Enqueue Service Daemon 全局查询服务守护进程
  • LMON - Global Enqueue Service Monitor全局查询服务监视进程
  • LCK0 - Instance Enqueue Process 实例查询进程

规划

拓扑图：
tuopu

IP规划

Node Public IP(Bond0) Heartbeat(eth2) Private IP System hostname Memory
RAC1 192.168.100.241/24 192.168.90.1/24 eth3：192.168.80.1/24 Centos 6.4 rac1.example.com 3G
RAC2 192.168.100.242/24 192.168.90.2/24 eth3：192.168.80.1/24 Centos 6.4 rac2.example.com 3G
Storage - - bond0：192.168.80.3/24 CentOS 6.4 iscsi 512M

Storage磁盘规划

存储组件 文件系统 卷大小 ASM卷组名 ASM冗余 ASM磁盘组
OCR/表决磁盘 ASM 2G +CRS External DISK1
数据库文件 ASM 40G +RACDB_DATA External DISK2
快速恢复区 ASM 40G +FRA External DISK3

安装前准备

环境：Centos 6.4
　　　Oracle 11.2.0.4

附件：
hosts
cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
pdksh-5.2.14-1.i386.rpm
plsql+instantclient_11_2安装包

利用ISCSI搭建后台存储

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[root@iscsi ~]# tgt-admin -s|grep -i target
Target 1: iqn.disk1
Target 2: iqn.disk2
Target 3: iqn.disk3
[root@iscsi ~]#

rac1和rac2挂载后分区
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[root@rac1 software]# fdisk -l|grep sd|tail -n 3
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
[root@rac1 software]#

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[root@rac1 ~]# hostname
rac1.example.com
[root@rac1 ~]#
[root@rac2 ~]# hostname
rac2.example.com
[root@rac2 ~]#
[root@rac1 ~]# ping rac2.example.com -c 3
PING rac2 (192.168.100.242) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from rac2 (192.168.100.242): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.622 ms
64 bytes from rac2 (192.168.100.242): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.369 ms

在rac1和rac2上需要做地址解析
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[root@rac1 ~]# tail -n 19 /etc/hosts
#Public Network
192.168.100.241	rac1	rac1.example.com
192.168.100.242 rac2	rac2.example.com

#Public Virtual IP (VIP) addresses
192.168.100.244	rac1-vip
192.168.100.245	rac2-vip

#Single Client Access Name (SCAN)
192.168.100.246	racscan

#Private Interconnect
192.168.90.1 rac1-priv
192.168.90.2 rac2-priv

#Private Storage Network
192.168.80.1 rac1-s
192.168.80.2 rac2-s
192.168.80.3 iscsi
[root@rac1 ~]#

关闭防火墙和Selinux
要求：内存至少2G，swap：16GB内存以内内存的1.5或者1倍，16GB内存以上设置16GB
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[root@rac1 software]# uname -a
Linux rac1 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 22 00:31:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@rac1 ~]#
[root@rac1 ~]# ntpdate time.windows.com
[root@rac1 ~]# df -h|grep shm
tmpfs                  10G     0   10G   0% /dev/shm
[root@rac1 ~]#

image
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[root@rac1 ~]# yum -y install binutils* elfutils-libelf* compat-libstdc++* compat-libcap1* gcc gcc-c++ ksh libaio* libgcc* libstdc++* make* sysstat unixODBC* glibc*
[root@rac1 ~]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-1.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
[root@rac1 ~]# yum -y install xhost
[root@rac1 ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@rac1 ~]# groupadd dba
[root@rac1 ~]# groupadd oper
[root@rac1 ~]# groupadd asmadmin
[root@rac1 ~]# groupadd asmoper
[root@rac1 ~]# groupadd asmdba
[root@rac1 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid
[root@rac1 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle

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#资源限制
[root@rac1 ~]# tail -n 12 /etc/security/limits.conf
#for oracle
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
#for grid
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
[root@rac1 ~]#

[root@rac1 ~]# tail -n 2 /etc/pam.d/login
#oracle
session	  required	pam_limits.so
[root@rac1 ~]#
[root@rac1 ~]# tail -n 12 /etc/sysctl.conf
#oracle
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@rac1 ~]#

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[root@rac1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
[root@rac1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
[root@rac1 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
[root@rac1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[root@rac1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[root@rac1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01
[root@rac1 ~]# mkdir /oradata

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#设置环境变量
[root@rac1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ tail -n 8 .bash_profile
#oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=racdb1
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=racdb
umask 022
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ source .bash_profile
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/u01/app/oracle
[oracle@rac1 ~]$

[grid@rac1 ~]$ tail -n 7 .bash_profile
#oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
umask 022
[grid@rac1 ~]$ source .bash_profile
[gr[grid@rac1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/u01/app/grid
[grid@rac1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
[grid@rac1 ~]$

[grid@rac2 ~]$ grep SID .bash_profile
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2
[grid@rac2 ~]$

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ grep SID .bash_profile
export ORACLE_SID=racdb2
[oracle@rac2 ~]$
以上步骤第二个节点也同样操作

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#配置SSH互信
[grid@rac1 sshsetup]$ pwd
/software/grid/sshsetup
[grid@rac1 sshsetup]$ ./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts rac2.example.com -advanced -exverify -confirm -noPromptPassphrase
[grid@rac1 sshsetup]$

ssh互信
ssh互信

检查下会不会出现下面的情况。如果出现在测试SSH互信时会包INS-06006的错误
ssh_date1
ssh_date2
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安装cvuqdisk，发现共享磁盘(rac1和rac2都安装)

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[root@rac1 ~]# CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall && export CVUQDISK_GRP
[root@rac1 software]# yum -y install smartmontools
[root@rac1 software]# yum -y install cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm

使用UDEV绑定ASM
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[root@rac1 ~]# echo "options=--whitelisted --replace-whitespace"  >> /etc/scsi_id.config

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#UDEV绑定ASM脚本
declare -i num =0
for i in b c d;
do
let num=$num+1
echo "KERNEL==\"sd*\", BUS==\"scsi\", PROGRAM==\"/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/\$name\", RESULT==\"`/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sd$i`\", NAME=\"asm-disk$num\", OWNER=\"grid\", GROUP=\"asmadmin\", MODE=\"0660\"" >> /etc/udev/rules.d/12-oracle-asmdevices.rules
done

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#使用start_udev命令重新启动udev服务
[root@rac1 ~]# start_udev
Starting udev:                                             [  OK  ]
[root@rac1 ~]#

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#12-oracle-asmdevices.rules
#UDEV策略
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1IET_00010001", NAME="asm-disk1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1IET_00020002", NAME="asm-disk2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1IET_00030003", NAME="asm-disk3", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

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固化磁盘后Linux就无法读取到/dev/sdb、/dev/sdc、/dev/sdd了，在rac1上固化磁盘后，rac2上也需要执行下上面的脚本，注意匹配PROGRAM的值，需要与节点一的相同
注：如果使用UDEV绑定磁盘后所属组不是asmadmin，需要手动改下，否则在创建数据库(dbca)时会报错，如下图：
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[root@rac1 ~]# chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-disk*
[root@rac1 ~]# echo "chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-disk*" >>/etc/rc.local

更改后：
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安装Grid

用grid用户登录

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[grid@rac1 grid]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.100.251:0.0
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runInstaller

grid_install
grid_install
grid_install
grid_install

需要在/etc/hosts里面解析racscan，否则会报：

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[INS-40718] Single Client Access Name (SCAN):RACSCAN1 could not be resolved.

但racscan不是真实存在的地址
grid_install

Test和Setup均能通过
grid_install 

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[INS-40912] Virtual host name: rac1-vip is assigned to another system on the network.

参考：https://community.oracle.com/thread/2594182
如果出现上面的报错信息，看下/etc/hosts里面的Virtual IP是否存在，ping一下
rac_vip

grid_install
grid_install
grid_install
grid_install
grid_install
grid_install

在grid用户的环境变量，$ORACLE_HOME 不能是 $ORACLE_BASE 子目录，否则会报错：

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ORACLE 11G RAC [INS-32026] The Software Location specified should not

grid_install
grid_install

因为这里使用是的udev绑定，这个警告可以忽略
grid_install
grid_install 

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[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@rac1 ~]#
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh

执行上面这个脚本如果报下面的错误
grid_root
解决方法：

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[root@rac1 ~]# yum -y install compat-libcap1*

再执行/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh就没问题了
执行过程如下：
rac1_u01_app_11.2.0_grid_root.sh执行过程
rac1_u01_app_11.2.0_grid_root.sh执行过程
在rac1和rac2上都执行下↑↑↑(/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh和/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh)
在Install Product过程中如果出现下面的情况：(忽略）
grid_install

如果出现这个错误且能ping通racscan地址(192.168.100.246)，则可忽略
grid_install
ping_racscan
grid_install 

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#检查crs状态
[grid@rac1 grid]$ crsctl check crs
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online

#打印节点编号和节点名
[grid@rac1 grid]$ olsnodes -n
rac1	1
rac2	2

#检测ctss状态
[grid@rac1 grid]$ crsctl check ctss
CRS-4701: The Cluster Time Synchronization Service is in Active mode.
CRS-4702: Offset (in msec): 0

#显示指定数据库当前状态
[grid@rac1 grid]$ srvctl status asm -a
ASM is running on rac2,rac1
ASM is enabled.

#显示注册Oracle集群的健康状态
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
  Version                  :          3
  Total space (kbytes)     :     262120
  Used space (kbytes)      :       2592
  Available space (kbytes) :     259528
  ID                       : 1975731354
  Device/File Name         :       +CRS
                                    Device/File integrity check succeeded

                                    Device/File not configured

                                    Device/File not configured

                                    Device/File not configured

                                    Device/File not configured

  Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

  Logical corruption check bypassed due to non-privileged user

#查看votedisk磁盘位置
[grid@rac1 grid]$ crsctl query css votedisk
##  STATE    File Universal Id                File Name Disk group
--  -----    -----------------                --------- ---------
 1. ONLINE   65b9ef5913044fdbbff0d1b75e91172e (/dev/asm-disk1) [CRS]
Located 1 voting disk(s).
[grid@rac1 grid]$

创建ASM磁盘

grid用户登录

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[grid@rac1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.100.251:0.0
[grid@rac1 ~]$ xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmca

ASM_install
ASM_install
ASM_install

安装database

用Oracle用户登录

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[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.100.251:0.0
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cd /software/database
[oracle@rac1 database]$ ./runInstaller

DB_install
DB_install
DB_install

做Oracle用户SSH互信(按照之前grid用户一样做互信)

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[oracle@rac1 sshsetup]$ ./sshUserSetup.sh -user oracle -hosts rac2.example.com -advanced -exverify -confirm -noPromptPassphrase

DB_install
DB_install
DB_install
DB_install
DB_install
DB_install
DB_install

节点rac1和节点rac2都执行下面的脚本

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[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
[root@rac1 ~]#

DB_install
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[root@rac1 ~]# su - grid

#RAC查看集群资源状态
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat  -t -v
Name           Type           R/RA   F/FT   Target    State     Host        
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.CRS.dg     ora....up.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.FRA.dg     ora....up.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....DATA.dg ora....up.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.asm        ora.asm.type   0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.cvu        ora.cvu.type   0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.gsd        ora.gsd.type   0/5    0/     OFFLINE   OFFLINE              
ora....network ora....rk.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.oc4j       ora.oc4j.type  0/1    0/2    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.ons        ora.ons.type   0/3    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM1.asm application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....C1.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE              
ora.rac1.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.vip   ora....t1.type 0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM2.asm application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....C2.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE              
ora.rac2.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.vip   ora....t1.type 0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.scan1.vip  ora....ip.type 0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
[grid@rac1 ~]$

创建数据库

创建数据库：(用oracle用户登录)

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[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.100.251:0.0
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ dbca

Create_db
Create_db
Create_db
Create_db
Create_db
Create_db
Create_db
Create_db
Create_db

如果SGA and PGA内存不够在安装数据库时会出现下面的错误：

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ORA-00838: Specified value of MEMORY_TARGET is too small, needs to be at least 1408M
ORA-01078：failure in processing system parameters

参考：http://yfshare.blog.51cto.com/8611708/1671927

Create_db
Create_db
Create_db
Create_db
Create_db
Create_db
Create_db
Create_db

如果安装到85%报上面这个错，查看到闪回区没空间了
recovery_file_dest
解决方法：删除多余的归档文件，或设置较大的db_recovery_file_dest_size

Create_db

检查集群运行状态

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srvctl status database -d racdb
crs_stat -t -v

srvctl_status
crs_stat
crs_stat 

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[oracle@rac1 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 11-JUL-2015 01:07:17
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                10-JUL-2015 15:38:11
Uptime                    0 days 9 hr. 29 min. 6 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/rac1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.100.244)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.100.241)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "racdb" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "racdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "racdbXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "racdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@rac1 ~]$

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

SQL>

配置EM管理器

如果启动EM web界面管理工具，出现下面的问题，则使用emca -config dbcontrol db重建EM
em_start

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#删除集群EM
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ emca -deconfig dbcontrol db -cluster

删除集群EM执行过程
emctl命令

重建EM
用oracle用户登录

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[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.100.251:0.0
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ dbca

em_rebuild
em_rebuild
em_rebuild1
em_rebuild1
em_rebuild1
em_rebuild1
em_rebuild1
em_rebuild1
em_rebuild1
em_rebuild1
注：
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[oracle@rac1 ~]$emctl status dbconsole
Environment variable ORACLE_UNQNAME not defined. Please set ORACLE_UNQNAME to database unique name.
[oracle@rac1 ~]$

如果报上面的错误，是oracle用户的ORACLE_UNQNAME环境变量未设置。如果报下面的错误，则是ORACLE_UNQNAME设置不正确
ORACLE_UNQNAME_error
正确设置
ORACLE_UNQNAME_true
em_status
oracle RAC集群默认是开机自启。根据配置不同，花费的时间不一样

配置PL/SQL

使用PL/SQL登录oracle RAC
安装plsql+ora10client
plsql+instantclient_11_2安装包
C:\Ora10InstantClient\network\admin\tnsnames.ora（在ora10client安装目录下新建network/admin目录，在RAC服务器上把$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora文件放到ora10client安装目录下的admin目录下）

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[root@rac1 ~]# grep racscan /etc/hosts
192.168.100.246	racscan
[root@rac1 ~]#

格式为：把HOST = racscan改为HOST = racscan对应的地址
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#监听文件
RACDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST = 192.168.100.246)(PORT= 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = racdb)
    )
  )

打开PL/SQL—>Tools—>Preferences—>Connection
plsql_preferences
plsql_login
plsql_connected

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本文出自”Jack Wang Blog”：http://www.yfshare.vip/2017/04/12/%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2Oracle-RAC%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4/